Kailangan natin ng accountability sa ating mga korte (ICC), sa ating budget (Travel Tax), sa ating mga kalsada (Blockchain), sa ating mga classroom (0.4% crisis), at accountability para sa ating sariling well-being (Mental Health).
Saturday, February 14, 2026
Mula ICC Lists Hanggang sa 0.4% Crisis
Friday, February 13, 2026
Hindi "Fallback" ang Driver: Justice and the "Auto-Arrest" Culture sa LRT Tragedy
Disclaimer: This post is for educational purposes and commentary only. It does not constitute formal legal advice.
February 13, 2026
A split-second, and then tragedy strikes. 'Yung tipong normal city traffic lang, then you suddenly hear the screech of brakes, followed by a terrifying silence. You’ve probably seen the viral headlines by now: a student fell from an LRT overpass and landed directly on top of a moving vehicle. It is a heartbreaking situation that has left everyone in shock. Our deepest condolences go out to the student's family. But as the news unfolded, another kind of tragedy began to happen. The driver, who just happened to be passing by at that exact moment, was immediately arrested and detained for Reckless Imprudence Resulting in Homicide.
As a law student, this really hits close to home. Pero we really need to talk about this: Why is it that here in the Philippines, even if you clearly did nothing wrong, ikaw pa rin ang dehado at diretso sa kulungan?
Is the driver a criminal, or is he just a victim of our "fallback" culture?
Let’s break it down into simple points.
1. The "Auto-Arrest" and the Inquest
Why was the driver arrested immediately? Right now, he is under what we call an Inquest Proceeding. Ito 'yung fast-track investigation when someone is arrested without a warrant. But let’s be honest, ito ang "open secret" sa kalsada: police officers often "Err on the Side of Caution." Bakit? Fear of Administrative Complaints: Many officers fear being accused of "Neglect of Duty" kapag pinalaya nila ang driver without a prosecutor's order.
The Fallback Mentality: When someone dies in an accident, the system feels like someone has to be blamed. Since the driver is the one alive and present, siya ang nagiging default "fallback" kahit wala naman siyang ginawang mali. But let’s look at Article 365 of the Revised Penal Code. For "Reckless Imprudence" to exist, there must be an "inexcusable lack of precaution", basically, extreme carelessness. If someone falls from a height and lands on your car in just one second, no matter how careful you are, hindi mo 'yun maiiwasan. It is not the driver's fault if he cannot beat the laws of physics.
2. The Emergency Rule: You are not a Superhero
In our law school discussions, we often talk about the Emergency Rule. This comes from a famous case called Gan vs. Court of Appeals. It says that a person who is suddenly placed in an emergency and has to decide in a split-second is not held to the same standard of care as someone who had time to think.
If someone falls in front of your car while you are driving and you hit the brakes, you did your best. Tao ka lang na may reflexes; you are not a superhero who can stop time.
3. Who is the Real Cause? (Proximate Cause)
Who actually started this chain of events? This is what we call Proximate Cause. If the victim’s own ac, whether it was an accident or intentional, was the direct cause of the death, the driver should not be the one to pay for it. In this tragedy, dumaan lang ang sasakyan. There was no "act" from the driver that caused the student to fall.
4. Commentary: Trauma from the System
My take on this? It is a form of State-Sanctioned Trauma. While we mourn for the student, we have to recognize that the driver is also a victim. Being detained, having your mugshot taken, and spending your life savings on a lawyer for something you didn't want to happen, sobrang laking trauma niyan. The law should be a search for the truth, hindi lang naghahanap ng "masasisi" just so we can say someone was held accountable. When we force the innocent to answer for something unavoidable, we aren't giving justice to the dead, we are just creating more victims.
Final Thoughts
The spirit of the law is justice. It is meant to protect all of us, and not to treat innocent drivers as "collateral damage." We hope the Prosecutor sees the facts: that this was a horrific tragedy, not a crime. What do you think about our system's "arrest first, ask questions later" culture? Let’s discuss sa comments.
Sunday, September 21, 2025
Raising the Bar: Taasan ang Qualification ng mga Opisyal
All elected officials, from Congress to the President, should hold at least a master’s degree. Isipin mo, sa gobyerno, ang minimum requirement para sa mga managerial positions at para sa mga empleyado na may Salary Grade 20 pataas ay master’s degree. Maliban dito, ang public school teachers ay kailangan ng at least 18 units ng master’s degree para lang makapagturo o ma-promote, sana naman ay ganoon din ang pamantayan sa ating mga halal na opisyal.
Kung iisipin, malaking responsibilidad ang nakaatang sa kanila, pagbalangkas ng mga batas, pagdedesisyon para sa buong bansa, at pamumuno sa milyun-milyong mamamayan. Dapat mas mataas ang pamantayan, hindi mas mababa. Hindi lang ito tungkol sa diploma, kundi sa discipline, commitment, at depth of knowledge na kadalasang natututuhan sa mas mataas na antas ng edukasyon.
Kaya kung ang ordinaryong manggagawa ay pinipilit mag-aral pa para umangat, hindi ba’t makatarungan lang na ang mga lider natin ay may parehong, kung hindi man mas mataas, na standard?
Sa ngayon, ayon sa 1987 Philippine Constitution, ang minimum requirement para sa Congress ay able to read and write at may edad at residency requirement (Art. VI, Secs. 6 at 3), habang para sa Presidente naman ay natural-born citizen, registered voter, able to read and write, at least 40 years old, at resident for at least 10 years (Art. VII, Sec. 2). Wala itong hinihinging educational attainment. Kaya kung tutuusin, kahit high school graduate o college dropout ay puwedeng mahalal bilang pinuno ng bansa.
Dahil dito, panahon na para isulong ang constitutional reform. Kailangan nang amyendahan ang mga probisyon ng Konstitusyon ukol sa minimum qualifications ng ating mga halal na opisyal. Hindi ito para maging elitista, kundi para siguraduhin na ang mga nagdedesisyon para sa sambayanan ay may sapat na kaalaman, disiplina, at kahandaan sa hamon ng pamumuno.
Thursday, April 10, 2025
Posisyon sa CSC Memorandum Circular No. 3, Series of 2025
Noong nakaraang linggo , naglabas ang Civil
Service Commission (CSC) ng Memorandum Circular No. 3, Series of 2025, na
nagbabawal sa mga empleyado ng gobyerno na magsagawa ng ilang aktibidad sa
social media, tulad ng pag-"like," pag-"share,"
pag-"comment," pag-"repost," o pag-"follow" sa
account ng isang kandidato o partido, kung ito ay may layuning humingi ng
suporta para sa o laban sa isang kandidato o partido sa panahon ng kampanya.
Bagama't mahalaga ang layunin ng CSC na panatilihin ang political neutrality sa
serbisyo publiko, may mga isyu na lumalabas tungkol sa posibleng paglabag nito
sa karapatan ng malayang pagpapahayag na ginagarantiyahan ng Saligang Batas.
Ayon sa Article III, Section 4 ng 1987 Saligang
Batas, "Walang batas na dapat ipasa na nagbabawas sa kalayaan sa
pananalita, pagpapahayag, o pamamahayag." Ang simpleng paggamit ng
social media, tulad ng pag-"like" o pag-"share" ng mga post
na may kaugnayan sa politika, ay maaaring ituring na anyo ng malayang
pagpapahayag. Sa kaso ng Gonzales v. COMELEC (G.R. No. L-27833, Abril 18, 1969),
kinilala ng Korte Suprema ang kapangyarihan ng estado na regulahin ang mga
aktibidad na may kaugnayan sa eleksyon upang mapanatili ang kaayusan at
integridad nito. Gayunpaman, binigyang-diin din ng Hukuman na ang anumang
regulasyon na naglilimita sa mga pangunahing kalayaan ay dapat na makatwiran at
hindi labis na sumasakal sa mga karapatan ng mga mamamayan.
Sa ilalim ng Memorandum Circular
No. 3, itinuturing na partisan political activity ang simpleng
pag-"like" o pag-"share" ng mga post na may kaugnayan sa
isang kandidato o partido. Ito ay maaaring ituring na labis na paghihigpit sa
karapatan ng mga empleyado ng gobyerno na magpahayag ng kanilang saloobin.
Bagama't may lehitimong interes ang estado na panatilihin ang neutrality ng
serbisyo publiko, ang ganitong klasipikasyon ay maaaring hindi makatwiran at
labis na sumasakal sa malayang pagpapahayag ng mga empleyado.
Bagama't mahalaga ang layunin ng
CSC na panatilihin ang political neutrality sa serbisyo publiko, ang mga
probisyon ng Memorandum Circular No. 3, Series of 2025, ay maaaring ituring na
labis na paghihigpit sa karapatan ng malayang pagpapahayag ng mga empleyado ng
gobyerno. Mahalagang muling
suriin ng CSC ang mga probisyong ito upang matiyak na ang mga ito ay naaayon sa
Saligang Batas at hindi labis na sumasakal sa mga pangunahing karapatan ng mga
mamamayan.